静脉产业类生态工业园区的建设方法分析

静脉产业类生态工业园区运用先进的技术,将生产和消费过程中产生的废物资源化,是中国循环经济建设的重点领域之一。但是中国现有的静脉产业类生态工业园区尚处于创建阶段,没有形成规模化发展,因此可以在建设过程中借鉴日本、德国等发达国家的成功经验,探索适合中国国情的建设模式。本文通过分析静脉产业类生态工业因区在生产原料、生产过程和产品销售方面的主要影响因素以及其他国家采取的相应措施,为中国静脉产业类生态工业园区的建设提出建议。     

A mini-microbial fuel cell for voltage testing of exoelectrogenic bacteria

Current methods for testing the electricity generation capacity of isolates are time- and labor-consuming. This paper presents a rapid voltage testing system of exoelectrogenic bacteria called Quickscreen, which is based on a microliter microbial fuel cell (MFC). Geobacter sulfurreducens and Shewanella baltica were used as the model exoelectrogenic bacteria; Escherichia coli that cannot generate electricity was used as a negative control. It was found that the electricity generation capacity of the isolates could be determined within about five hours by using Quickscreen, and that its time was relatively rapid compared with the time needed by using larger MFCs. A parallel, stable, and low background voltage was achieved using titanium as a current collector in the blank run. The external resistance had little impact on the blank run during the initial period. The cathode with a five-hole configuration, used to hydrate the carbon cathode, gave higher cathode potential than that with a one-hole configuration. Steady discharge and current interrupt methods showed that the anode mostly contributed to the large internal resistance of the Quickscreen system. However, the addition of graphite felt decreased the resistance from 18 to 5 kΩ. This device was proved to be useful to rapidly evaluate the electricity generation capacity of different bacteria.     

Selective sorption of perfluorooctane sulfonate on molecularly imprinted polymer adsorbents

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), as a potential persistent organic pollutant, has been widely detected in water environments, and has become a great concern in recent years. PFOS is very stable and difficult to decompose using conventional techniques. Sorption may be an attractive method to remove it from water. In this study, the molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) adsorbents were prepared through the polymerization of 4-vinylpyridine under different preparation conditions in order to remove perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) from water. The MIP adsorbents using perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) as the template had good imprinting effects and could selectively remove PFOS from aqueous solution. The sorption behaviors including sorption kinetics, isotherms, and effect of pH, salt, and competitive anions were investigated. Experimental results showed that the sorption of PFOS on the MIP adsorbents was very fast, pH-dependent, and highly selective. The achieved fast sorption equilibrium within 1 h was attributed to the surface sorption on the fine adsorbents. The sorption isotherms showed that the sorption selectivity of PFOS on the MIP adsorbents decreased at high PFOS concentrations, which may be due to the double-layer sorption and the formation of PFOS micelles on the sorbent surface. The sorption of PFOS on the MIP adsorbents was mainly dominated by the electrostatic interaction between the protonated vinylpyridine on the adsorbent surface and the anionic PFOS. The prepared MIP adsorbents can potentially be applied in water and wastewater treatment for selective removal of PFOS.     

基于污染损害指数法的深圳水库水质评价与分析

采用基于污染损害指数的普适公式,计算各种污染物的污染损害分指数,并利用广义模糊对比法对分指数进行赋权,求出水质综合污染损害指数。将该方法应用于深圳水库2001年至2007年的水质评价,并对水质变化原因进行了分析。研究结果显示,近7年来深圳水库水质综合污染损害指数从52．61降至9．70,水质类别由Ⅴ类上升至Ⅲ类,呈现明显改善趋势,表明系列治理工程和管理措施成效较为显著。污染损害指数法能够客观反映水体质量状况,使用方便,值得推广。     

FIA技术在水质监测分析中的应用

通过使用Lachat流动注射分析仪测定环境水样中的四个常规项目总磷、总氮、挥发酚和总氰来介绍兀A技术在水质分析领域的应用。实验结果表明,各项目的标样测定值均在保证值范围之内,相对标准偏差在0．2％-3．7％之间。方法的精密度及准确度较好,加标回收率在91％-102％之间,满足水质监测实验室质量控制的要求。     

不同剂量的酒糟对盐碱土壤改良的作用

研究以松嫩平原大庆地区盐碱地为研究对象,对不同盐渍化程度的土壤施用不同剂量的酒糟,进行盐碱土改良技术研究。通过对施用不同剂量的土壤改良基质材料的土壤化学性质的分析对比,筛选出了适宜不同盐渍化程度的土壤改良基质材料的剂量。     

恩平市2006年生态足迹计算与分析

位于广东省西南部的恩平市,是珠江三角洲经济较为落后的地区,生态环境较好,为珠三角起着生态屏障、后花园的作用。应用生态足迹理论对恩平2006年的生态足迹进行了实证计算和分析,结果表明,恩平市的人均生态足迹需求为1．5632hm2／cap,生态承载力在扣除12％后为0．32032hm2／cap,人均生态赤字为1．2429hm2／cap。表明该地区的资源利用效率较低,现有的消费量已超出了自然系统的再生产能力,针对恩平实际情况,需要调整产业结构、提高能源利用效率,树立科学发展观等。     

流动注射法测定水中高锰酸盐指数的研究

研究了用流动注射分析技术测定水体中高锰酸盐指数。使用新发明的耐腐蚀恒流泵、低记忆高效混合器、不存留气泡流通池等部件,通过高温高压,缩短消解时间,从而建立了一种可用于无人值守的自动在线快速监测水体中高锰酸盐指数的分析方法。通过实验研究了流动注射法测定水中高锰酸盐指数的优越性。对方法的检出限、精密度和准确度进行了测定,并与GB／T11892—89《水质高锰酸盐指数的测定》进行了比对,取得了满意的结果。     

泰来县生态环境状况及保护对策

从农业、草原、森林、湿地、等方面介绍了泰来县生态环境状况,并针对存在的问题提出了防治对策。     

几种医疗垃圾处理技术综述

医疗废物是一类危害极大的特殊废物。自20世纪50年代起,医疗废物的处理已引起世界各国的广泛重视。目前,国内外学者对医疗废物处理技术的研究日益丰富,已经取得了一定的研究成果。在此基础上,通过综合比较焚烧处理、高压蒸汽灭菌处理、化学处理、微波处理、热解处理等几种医疗废物处理技术,综合评定了各种处理工艺的技术参数及优缺点,最后比较分析得出了高温热解法具有多方面的优点,是目前国内外首推的医疗废物处理技术。